Investigations on the effect of probionts as a tool against bacterial infestation in Penaeus (Fenneropenaeus indicus H. Milne Edwards) juveniles.

The family Vibrionacea plays an ambiguous part m marine fish and shellfish as it includes bacterial strains that have been reported to proliferate and cause mass mortalities in semi intensive and intensive culture systems.) Gram negative bacterial septicemias disease or Vibriosis has been observed in captured as well as cultured marine crustaceans exposed to stress where it has resulted in severe mortalities. Systemic infection or septicemis have also been reviewed. The infections are usually caused by Vibrio parahaemolyticus. Vibrio alginolyticus or the odd Aeromonas spp. Although there are many reports of vibriosis among marine crustaceans none have been studied in detail

Role of bacillus and lactobacillus from Marine environment for sustainable Aquaculture practices (TH 128)

The studies on the "Role of Bacillus and Lactobacillus from Marine Environment for Sustainable Aquaculture Practices" was conducted during April 2001 to March 2002 in order to study ecophysiology and biodiversity of Bacillus and Lactobacillus in the marine environment and their role as potential probiotics in culture of Penaeus monodon juveniles. Viable isolates of Bacillus and Lactobacillus was selected for the probiotic study. 2. Data on physico-chemical parameters were also collected understand their influence on the occurrence and distribution of Bacillus and Lactobacillus. 3. The present observation suggests that aquaculture ponds always have a high load of bacterial flui'a and the apparent fluctuation in Bacillus and Lactobacillus count reflected complex nutritional and physicochemical variations within the ecological niches. 4. Adaptation was largely restricted to within certain salinity ranges (3- 24ppt) characteristic for the particular ecological group. The general drop in salinity to near fresh water condition observed during monsoon is due to dilution by the fresh water influx while the difference in surfac

Role of magnetic resonance spectroscopy in grading of gliomas- a tertiary care centre study

Background: Grading of gliomas is important for the determination of appropriate treatment strategies. MR spectroscopy has found increasing utility in grading of gliomas.Methods: MR spectroscopic imaging was done for the referred patients to obtain Cho/NAA and Cho/Cr ratios. After analyzing histopathology reports, gliomas were classified into low grade and high grade. Histologically proven 54 low grade and 54 high grade gliomas were included in the study. The mean and standard deviation of these variables were obtained and compared between two groups.  ROC curve analyses were performed in order to identify the optimal cut-off value for metabolite ratios for prediction purposes of high grade versus low grade gliomas.Results: The mean and SD of Cho/NAA ratio in low grade glioma was 1.93±1.19. The mean and SD of Cho /NAA ratio in high grade glioma was 3.16±1.73 was significantly higher. The optimal cut-off for differentiating low grade and high grade gliomas was 2.15 with a sensitivity of 74.07% and specificity of 66.67%. The mean and SD of CHO/Cr in low grade glioma was 2.05±0.76. The mean and SD of Cho/NAA in high grade glioma was 2.87±1.65 was significantly higher. The optimal cut-off for differentiating low grade and high grade gliomas was 1.98 with a sensitivity of 64.8% and specificity of 64.1%.Conclusions: MR spectroscopy imaging plays a pivotal role in prediction of glioma grade preoperatively and helps in deciding appropriate treatment strategies

Metal-dependent assembly of a protein nano-cage

Short, alpha-helical coiled coils provide a simple, modular method to direct the assembly of proteins into higher order structures. We previously demonstrated that by genetically fusing de novo-designed coiled coils of the appropriate oligomerization state to a natural trimeric protein, we could direct the assembly of this protein into various geometrical cages. Here, we have extended this approach by appending a coiled coil designed to trimerize in response to binding divalent transition metal ions and thereby achieve metal ion-dependent assembly of a tetrahedral protein cage. Ni2+, Co2+, Cu2+, and Zn2+ ions were evaluated, with Ni2+ proving the most effective at mediating protein assembly. Characterization of the assembled protein indicated that the metal ion-protein complex formed discrete globular structures of the diameter expected for a complex containing 12 copies of the protein monomer. Protein assembly could be reversed by removing metal ions with ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid or under mildly acidic conditions.Peer Reviewedhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/151280/1/pro3676_am.pdfhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/151280/2/pro3676-sup-0001-supinfo.pdfhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/151280/3/pro3676.pd

Prevalence of fatty liver disease in children with obesity- a diagnostic study based on its ultrasound appearance

Background: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease is an asymptomatic involvement of the liver, can progress to chronic liver disease and must be identified at an early stage for good prognosis. The implementation of the appropriate therapeutic interventions is determinant of the attempts to treat it. For that purpose, early diagnosis and staging of the disease is essential. It seems that diagnostic imaging should be a first-line tool for the staging and monitoring pediatric NAFLD/NASH for appropriate interventions to be implanted in a timely way. This study evaluated the prevalence of fatty liver in relation with body mass index (BMI) by means of ultrasound in children of age group 6-15 years.Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 83 children aged 6 to 15 years, were selected randomly. The participants were examined by a pediatrician. Liver ultrasound was performed for all children and grade of fatty liver was determined.Results: There was a significant correlation between grade of fatty liver with BMI, our study showed a strong association between BMI and prevalence of fatty liver on ultrasound.Conclusions: According to the study hypothesis, based on BMI, the degree of NAFLD in children were predictable. Ultrasound of liver in grading of fatty liver is one of the assessments methods of fatty liver but it is not a diagnostic method; it is useful for prevention to reduce BMI

Probiotic effects of lactic acid bacteria against Vibrio alginolyticus in Penaeus (Fenneropenaeus) indicus (H. Milne Edwards)

Cell free extracts of four strains of Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) viz. Lactobacillus. acidophilus, Streptococcus.cremoris, Lactobacillus bulgaricus –56 and Lactobacillus bulgaricus –57 inhibited growth of Vibrio alginolyticus in nutrient broth. The antagonism of LAB to Vibrio alginolyticus was further confirmed by streak plating wherein suppression of growth of Vibrio was obtained. Juveniles of Penaeus indicus (average weight 0.985 ± 0.1 g) on administering orally a moist feed base containing 5 × 106 cells·g of the four LAB probionts for a period of four weeks showed better survival (56 to 72%) when challenged with V. alginolyticus by intra-muscular injection of 0.1 ml containing 3 × 109 cells·ml. Animals maintained on a diet devoid of bacterial biomass exhibited 80% mortality

Synthesis, Characterization and Biological activity of 1,3,4- Oxadiazole and 1,3,4- Thiadiazole Derivatives.

Various substituted 1,3,4-oxadiazole and 1,3,4-thiadiazole derivatives have been synthesized by cyclising semicarbazone and thiosemicarbazone in presence of ferric chloride and citric acid to form 2-amino-5-substituted 1,3,4-oxadiazole and 1,3,4-thiadiazole respectively. These derivatives undergoes mannich reaction with substituted aniline and formaldehyde to form 2-amino5-substituted1,3,4-oxadiazole and 1,3,4- thiadiazole derivatives. The identity of compounds were confirmed on the basis of their spectral(IR,1H NMR and MASS) data. Further, they have been screened for their antibacterial, antifungal, anticancer and antitubercular activities

A Study to assess the effectiveness of slow paced breathing on pain perception during first stage of labour among primigravida mothers in a selected hospital at Kanyakumari district

INTRODUCTION: Natural childbirth is a profound and powerful human experience which is a mixture of feeling of empowerment and accomplishment. Both pharmacological and non-pharmacological methods are available today and it is known that the non-pharmacological options involve less risk when used in this process. Breathing exercises helps labour women to relax and distract from the painful response. STATEMENT: “A study to assess the effectiveness of slow paced breathing on pain perception during first stage of labour among primigravida mothers in a selected hospital at Kanyakumari District.” OBJECTIVES: 1. To assess the pre-test and post-test level of pain perception during first stage of labor in experimental and control group. 2. To determine the effectiveness of slow paced breathing exercise by comparing the post-test level of pain perception of experimental and control group. 3. To associate pre-test level of pain perception during labour with selected demographic variables. RESEARCH METHODOLOGY: The research design adopted for this study was quasi experimental design .The sample size was 60 (30 experimental and 30 control group) and was drawn through purposive sampling technique. The level of labour pain perception was assessed by using Numeric pain rating scale. Slow paced breathing was instructed to practice during contractions for 2 hours during active phase for experimental group. Pre-test was assessed before intervention and Post test done after intervention for both group. The data gathered were analyzed by descriptive and inferential statistical method. FINDINGS OF THE STUDY: The mean post-test score on level of pain perception during first stage of labour in experimental group was 1.6, but in control group it was 2.5. The calculated unpaired “t” value was 5.92, which is more than the table value at 5% significance (table value = 2.02). Hence, it was statistically significant at 5% (p < 0.05). It shows that slow paced breathing is effective in reduction of pain perception during first stage of labour. Hence the research hypothesis (H1) is accepted. There is no significant association between demographic variables. Hence the research hypothesis (H2) is rejected. CONCLUSION: This study finding revealed that slow paced breathing exercise helps in reducing the level of pain perception among primigravida mothers in the experimental group. So this can be practiced as a Non-pharmacological method to relieve pain perception during labour in various settings

MalFake: A Multimodal Fake News Identification for Malayalam using Recurrent Neural Networks and VGG-16

The amount of news being consumed online has substantially expanded in recent years. Fake news has become increasingly common, especially in regional languages like Malayalam, due to the rapid publication and lack of editorial standards on some online sites. Fake news may have a terrible effect on society, causing people to make bad judgments, lose faith in authorities, and even engage in violent behavior. When we take into the context of India, there are many regional languages, and fake news is spreading in every language. Therefore, providing efficient techniques for identifying false information in regional tongues is crucial. Until now, little to no work has been done in Malayalam, extracting features from multiple modalities to classify fake news. Multimodal approaches are more accurate in detecting fake news, as features from multiple modalities are extracted to build the deep learning classification model. As far as we know, this is the first piece of work in Malayalam that uses multimodal deep learning to tackle false information. Models trained with more than one modality typically outperform models taught with only one modality. Our study in the Malayalam language utilizing multimodal deep learning is a significant step toward more effective misinformation detection and mitigation

Axiomatic Characterization of the Median and Antimedian Function on a Complete Graph minus a Matching

__Abstract__ A median (antimedian) of a profile of vertices on a graph G is a vertex that minimizes (maximizes) the sum of the distances to the elements in the profile. The median (antimedian) function has as output the set of medians (antimedians) of a profile. It is one of the basic models for the location of a desirable (obnoxious) facility in a network. The median function is well studied. For instance it has been characterized axiomatically by three simple axioms on median graphs. The median function behaves nicely on many classes of graphs. In contrast the antimedian function does not have a nice behavior on most classes. So a nice axiomatic characterization may not be expected. In this paper an axiomatic characterization is obtained for the median and antimedian function on complete graphs minus a matching